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| - Sparrow is a description-logic variant that is meant as a "lightweight" alternative to RDF/S and OWL for defining ontologies. This document describes the syntax of sparrow. |
| + Sparrow is a description-logic syntax that is meant as a "lightweight" alternative to RDF/S and OWL for defining ontologies. This document details the sparrow syntax. |
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| - !! Basics: Simple Concept Definitions |
| + !! Basic Concept Definitions |
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| - Concepts in sparrow are defined using sentences. For instance, we can introduce a new concept called 'vegetarian' into an ontology using the following sentence. |
| + Concepts in sparrow are defined using ''sentences.'' For instance, we can introduce a new concept called 'vegetarian' into an ontology using the following sentence. |
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| - concept vegetarian. |
| + concept Vegetarian |
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| - This sentence simply states that the term 'vegetarian' is a concept. Instead, we can give more details by defining concepts. |
| + This sentence simply states that the term 'Vegetarian' is a concept. In the above sentence, the term 'concept' is a reserved word. We can give further elaborate concepts using ''concept axioms,'' for example: |
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| - concept animal is_a organism. |
| + concept Animal kind_of Organism |
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| - This sentence states that the term 'animal' is a sub-concept of the concept 'organism'. In other words, every animal is an organism. Both 'animal' and 'organism' are asserted as being concepts by this sentence. The sentence is equivalent to the following three sparrow sentences. |
| + This sentence states that the term 'Animal' is a sub-concept of the concept 'Organism'. In other words, every animal is an organism. The term 'kind_of' is a reserved word. Both 'Animal' and 'Organism' are asserted as being concepts by this sentence. The sentence is equivalent to the following three sparrow sentences. |
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| - concept organism. |
| - concept animal. |
| - concept animal is_a organism. |
| + concept Organism |
| + concept Animal |
| + concept Animal kind_of Organism. |
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| - Multiple sentences about the same concept are combined through conjunction (and). For example, the sentences: |
| + Multiple sentences defining the same concept are combined through conjunction (and). For example, the sentences: |
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| - concept organism. |
| - concept animal. |
| - concept plant. |
| - concept animal is_a organism. |
| - concept animal is_a not plant. |
| + concept Organism |
| + concept Animal |
| + concept Plant |
| + concept Animal kind_of Organism |
| + concept Animal kind_of not Plant |
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| - can be combined into the equivalent sentence: |
| + can be combined into the sentence: |
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| - concept animal is_a organism and not plant. |
| + concept Animal kind_of Organism and not Plant |
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| - In other words, an animal is an organism but not a plant. |
| + That is, an animal is an organism but not a plant. The terms 'and' and 'not' are sparrow reserved words. |
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| + Capitalization is not important in sparrow, thus the previous sentence is equivalent to: |
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| + {{{ |
| + CONCEPT animal KIND_OF organism AND NOT plant |
| + }}} |
| + |
| + !!! Complex Concept Definitions |
| + |
| + |
| + |
