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| - !!!!3.1 Individuals |
| + !!3.1 Individuals |
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| - !!!!3.2 Object Properties |
| + !!3.2 Object Properties |
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| - __n__ unique values of {{x}} in {{R}} <a |
| - href="#6">[6]</a>. |
| + __n__ unique values of {{x}} in {{R}}[6]. |
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| - !!!3.3 Datatype Properties |
| + !!3.3 Datatype Properties |
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| - This pattern can be read as "For each unique x value of R, create |
| + This pattern can be read as "For each unique x value of R, create |
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| - Resource variables can be used outside of the current iteration |
| + Resource variables can be used outside of the current iteration |
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| - This pattern can be read as "For each unique x value of R, create |
| + This pattern can be read as "For each unique x value of R, create |
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| - corresponds to the following first-order rule, assuming |
| + corresponds to the following first-order rule, assuming |
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| - |
| - In an instantiation pattern, {{value}} expressions must |
| + In an instantiation pattern, {{value}} expressions must |
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| - Thus, the condition on the property does not affect whether the |
| + Thus, the condition on the property does not affect whether the |
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| - Like with conditions on {{individual}} statements, no |
| + Like with conditions on {{individual}} statements, no |
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| - !!!3.3 Complex Instantiation Patterns |
| + !!3.3 Complex Instantiation Patterns |
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| - __Pattern Labels.__ Each individual instantiation pattern can |
| + __Pattern Labels.__ Each individual instantiation pattern can |
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| - The first-order rule for this pattern is: |
| + The first-order rule for this pattern is: |
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| - The use of labels in this way does not change the interpretation |
| + The use of labels in this way does not change the interpretation |
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| - __Referencing Patterns.__ Properties can reference patterns |
| - using pattern labels in {{value}} expressions <a |
| - href="#9">[9]</a>. To distinguish pattern references from constants |
| + __Referencing Patterns.__ Properties can reference patterns |
| + using pattern labels in {{value}} expressions[9]. To distinguish pattern references from constants |
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| - This pattern can be read as "For each unique x, y (tuple) value |
| + This pattern can be read as "For each unique x, y (tuple) value |
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| - As with resource variables, pattern references are interpreted |
| + As with resource variables, pattern references are interpreted |
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| - The iteration context of a property is not required to be a |
| + The iteration context of a property is not required to be a |
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| - each unique {{y}}, {{z}} pair for {{R}} |
| + each unique {{y}}, {{z}} pair for {{R}} |
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| - Also, the iteration context of a property only applies to the |
| + Also, the iteration context of a property only applies to the |
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| - The corresponding first-order rules for these patterns are: |
| + The corresponding first-order rules for these patterns are: |
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| - Thus, although property values containing pattern references are |
| + Thus, although property values containing pattern references are |
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| - The triples created from pattern {{o1}} are: |
| + The triples created from pattern {{o1}} are: |
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| - The triples created from pattern {{o4}} are: |
| + The triples created from pattern {{o4}} are: |
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| - And the triples created from pattern {{o5}} are: |
| + And the triples created from pattern {{o5}} are: |
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| - Notice that both individuals of pattern {{o5}} are |
| + Notice that both individuals of pattern {{o5}} are |
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| - To use the iteration context of {{o5}} for |
| + To use the iteration context of {{o5}} for |
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| - The corresponding first-order rule for this pattern is: |
| + The corresponding first-order rule for this pattern is: |
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| - Note that in this case, however, we generate only one |
| + Note that in this case, however, we generate only one |
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| - __Property Iteration and Labels__. It is also possible to apply |
| + __Property Iteration and Labels__. It is also possible to apply |
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| - results in the first-order rule: |
| + results in the first-order rule: |
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| - As shown, labels may also be applied to intermediate individuals |
| + As shown, labels may also be applied to intermediate individuals |
| Removed line 683 |
| - |
| Lines 686-697 were replaced by line 682 |
| - __<a name="annotation">Semantic Annotation<a/>:__ A mapping |
| - from a resource to an instance(s) of an ontology(ies). Semantic |
| - annotations in our framework have identifiers as well as associated |
| - metadata (who created the annotation, and so on). |
| - |
| - __<a name="resource">Resource</a>:__ A structured information |
| - source with a defined schema. Can be a dataset or a service, such as |
| - a workflow, actor, or web-service. |
| - |
| - __<a name="ontology">Ontology</a>:__ Here, by ontology we mean |
| - an OWL-based representation of a set of concepts, properties, and |
| - constraints (axioms). |
| + ;Semantic Annotation: A mapping from a resource to an instance(s) of an ontology(ies). Semantic annotations in our framework have identifiers as well as associated metadata (who created the annotation, and so on). |
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| - __<a name="template">Semantic Annotation Template</a>:__ A set |
| - of instantiation patterns within a particular semantic annotation. |
| - |
| - __<a name="pattern">Instantiation Pattern</a>:__ An XML-based |
| - specification of a mapping from portions of a resource to instances |
| - of an ontology. |
| - |
| - __<a name="prefix">Prefix Label</a>:__ A label used to |
| - represent an ontology location. |
| - |
| - __<a name="variable">Resource Variable</a>:__ An attribute of a |
| - resource, which in an annotation template takes the form 'R.x' (or |
| - more generally a path expression 'R.x1.x2...xn' for nested |
| - relations). |
| - |
| - __<a name="context">Iteration Context</a>:__ The set of |
| - resource variables, or current variable bindings (as the pattern is |
| - being executed), for a property or condition in an instantiation |
| - pattern. The iteration context is determined by the enclosing |
| - {{foreach}} expression of the item in question. |
| - |
| - __<a name="label">Pattern Label</a>:__ A label assigned to a |
| - template instantiation pattern. |
| - |
| - __<a name="reference">Pattern Reference</a>:__ A reference to a |
| - template instantiation pattern (using a pattern label) from within |
| - an object property in another (or possibly the same) pattern. |
| + ;Resource: A structured information source with a defined schema. Can be a dataset or a service, such as a workflow, actor, or web-service. |
| + |
| + ;Ontology: Here, by ontology we mean an OWL-based representation of a set of concepts, properties, and constraints (axioms). |
| + |
| + ;Semantic Annotation Template: A set of instantiation patterns within a particular semantic annotation. |
| + |
| + ;Instantiation Pattern: An XML-based specification of a mapping from portions of a resource to instances of an ontology. |
| + |
| + ;Prefix Label: A label used to represent an ontology location. |
| + |
| + ;Resource Variable: An attribute of a resource, which in an annotation template takes the form 'R.x' (or more generally a path expression 'R.x1.x2...xn' for nested relations). |
| + |
| + ;Iteration Context: The set of resource variables, or current variable bindings (as the pattern is being executed), for a property or condition in an instantiation pattern. The iteration context is determined by the enclosing {{foreach}} expression of the item in question. |
| + |
| + ;Pattern Label: A label assigned to a template instantiation pattern. |
| + |
| + ;Pattern Reference: A reference to a template instantiation pattern (using a pattern label) from within an object property in another (or possibly the same) pattern. |
| + |
| + |
| + !!!Footnotes |
| + |
| + [#1] In OWL, instances of classes are called 'individuals.' |
| + |
| + [#2] Alternatively, we could use anonymous identifiers for generated OWL individuals. However, using explicit as opposed to anonymous identifiers has a number of advantages, e.g., identifiers can be used for "provenance" (that is, using conventions for identifier names one could go from the created OWL individuals back to the resource item used to generte the resource), and also make it easier to formalize the interpretation of patterns in first-order logic. |
| + |
| + [#3] The examples of resources in this document are assumed to be relational data sets. However, the approach described here can be used with a variety of resource structures, including nested relational data (e.g., like in XML). |
| At line 726 added 1 line. |
| + [#4] By default, variables in {{foreach}} expressions that are null in the resource do not generate corresponding ontology class instances. |
| At line 727 added 1 line. |
| + [#5] We use the notation {{(Axy)}} for universal quantification over variables {{x}} and {{y}}; {{(Exy)}} for existential quantification over variables {{x}} and {{y}}; and {{->}} for implication. |
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| - <a name="footnotes"></a> <h2>Footnotes</h2> |
| - |
| - <a name="1">[1]</a> In OWL, instances of classes are called |
| - 'individuals.' |
| - |
| - <a name="2">[2]</a> Alternatively, we could use anonymous |
| - identifiers for generated OWL individuals. However, using explicit |
| - as opposed to anonymous identifiers has a number of advantages, |
| - e.g., identifiers can be used for "provenance" (that is, using |
| - conventions for identifier names one could go from the created OWL |
| - individuals back to the resource item used to generte the resource), |
| - and also make it easier to formalize the interpretation of patterns |
| - in first-order logic. |
| - |
| - <a name="2">[3]</a> The examples of resources in this document are |
| - assumed to be relational data sets. However, the approach described |
| - here can be used with a variety of resource structures, including |
| - nested relational data (e.g., like in XML). |
| - |
| - <a name="3">[4]</a> By default, variables in {{foreach}} |
| - expressions that are null in the resource do not generate |
| - corresponding ontology class instances. |
| - |
| - <a name="5">[5]</a> We use the notation {{(Axy)}} for |
| - universal quantification over variables {{x}} and |
| - {{y}}; {{(Exy)}} for existential quantification |
| - over variables {{x}} and {{y}}; and |
| - {{->}} for implication. |
| - |
| - <a name="6">[6]</a> Note that the use of {{property}} |
| - expressions in this way is useful for cases in which the property is |
| - either (i) not defined (or optional) in the ontology for the |
| - associated class, or (ii) is a required property, but the |
| - {{valuetype}} expression gives a subclass of the property's |
| - defined range. |
| + [#6] Note that the use of {{property}} expressions in this way is useful for cases in which the property is either (i) not defined (or optional) in the ontology for the associated class, or (ii) is a required property, but the {{valuetype}} expression gives a subclass of the property's defined range. |
