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| + Observations (and therefore, measurements, which we describe further below) can be grouped into collections through the concept __ObservationCollection__. Observation collections can also be grouped into other collections. We use the abstract concept __ObservationCollectionPart__ to denote the objects that can act as parts in an observation collection object. As shown in Figure 8, we use the part-whole constructs to describe these relationships between observations and observation collections. Note that the cardinality restrictions are not shown because they are implied by the part-whole constructs used. |
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| + An observation is a generalization of a measurement. Informally, we define an observation as an assertion of the existence of an entity or of the existence of some property of an entity. A measurement goes further by asserting a value for a property. To illustrate, consider the statement "I saw a tree frog". This statement refers to an observation, in which the existence of a tree frog was observed. The statement "I noticed the tree frog had spots" is also an observation in which the existence of the property "spots" was observed for a tree frog. We say that for this case, the observation asserts there is some value for the property "spots" that was observed, but the value was not provided. Finally, the statement "I noticed the tree frog had ten spots" is a measurement, in which the existence of the value ten is being asserted for the "spots" property of a tree frog. |
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